One Love free essay sample

As he approaches me, he cheerfully greets me saying â€Å"Hey, how are you?†, and warmly shakes my hand. A bit unsure of my new surroundings, I give a shy response with a timid handshake. He asks, â€Å"Would you come this way please?† I slowly stand up and he leads me out of the waiting room and we start walking through a maze of hallways. There are classrooms on both sides of me. Finally, we reach his room and step inside. I look around and see a drum set, a marimba, and two drum thrones that are facing each other. The room seems small, and I wonder how all of this equipment is able to fit inside such a tiny room. On the walls, I see posters with pictures of famous musicians, most of whom have gone before us. Because of my uneasiness about this unfamiliar place, I was a bit doubtful about taking drum lessons here. We will write a custom essay sample on One Love or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Little did I know that this classroom in Meridian Music Studios in Carmel, Indiana, would serve as a place that holds some of my life’s greatest experiences. It is a place where I learned much more than just the art of music. To me, a hero is someone that a person looks up to and has a lot of respect for. It is someone that has made a profound impact on another’s life, and does so much without expecting repayment. Walking down the street, one might think that Wade Parish is just another â€Å"average joe†. He doesn’t have a superman cape or a jet pack. Standing at six feet tall, with broad shoulders, any other person would think he’s another ordinary guy going to work. Dressed in dark blue jeans and a sweater or jacket, he looks like another ordinary person. However, his long dark hair as well as his artsy yet contemporary style of clothing accurately expresses his independent outlooks on life. Wade forms his own views on life and refuses to conform to others’ beliefs. He carries on this independency in his music as well. â€Å"The silent space that we instill in music is sometimes more powerful than the music itself† He would often tell me this to relay the mess age that music is not about how fast you can play. Instead, it is about the emotions that musicians express to the audience. The musical creativity that Wade expresses is just as admirable as his overall non-conforming attitude toward today’s society. One of Wade’s favorite quotes is â€Å"Carpe Diem†. I see him live by this quote each and every day. He knows that every day is his, and sees that each day is an opportunity to do something worthwhile. He knows that the days that he has are limited, so he chooses to live each one to the fullest. In our interview, he explains to me that many people are driven by materialistic things such as money, cars, and success. The most important thing in one’s life is doing what you love. â€Å"Do what you love and you will never work a day in your life†. Another admirable trait that Wade possesses is the passion that he has for music. Wade has always told his students, to follow their dreams and do what is most important to them. He too follows this philosophy. Wade first moved out of his parents’ house when he was 18 and had taken ordinary jobs such as a waiter and a landscaper. However, he soon came to be unhappy with these jobs because they interfered with the schedule that he had with his band. If his employers refused to give him time off to play at shows, he would easily quit the position he held. Wade started to play the drums when he was 14. Even though he was a poor academic student, he worked hard in the field of music. For someone to love a hobby so much that they would quit their job just to pursue it is a truly courageous action. He would also reduce the amount of time that he spent with other hobbies, such as motorcycle racing, so he would be able to play more music. Wade would look hypocritical if he told his s tudents to follow their dreams when he himself did not do that. This is what makes him most respectable. Not only did he take a risk financially, but he followed his dream which makes him one of the most successful people I know. The final trait that I really admire in Wade is the sense of love that he shows everyone. When teaching, he never gives up on his students. Even if they themselves give up, he still sees the talent that they have and tries to get them to see it too. One time, while I was in a lesson, I was being a little too hard on myself. I had had a rough day and I was expecting to be perfect. The more I played, the more I became upset. Finally, Wade told me to stop and we would play something else. So, he went over to his stereo and turned on â€Å"One Love† by Bob Marley. That’s when he told me to drum to that song. I drummed to that song for 20 minutes and afterward I felt very relaxed. That’s when he explained that I am not a bad drummer. I was actually his only student that could do that. I had a lot more confidence after that because what he said about my great skills meant a lot. â€Å"I believe that everyone wants to be loved, but they show this desire in warped ways.† When he told me this, it really showed me that there is no such thing as purely evil people. We all need each other when we are hurt, and some people just don’t know how to ask for support. Whether we choose to see it or not, there will always be at least one person that unexpectedly walks into our lives and makes a profound impact that we are most certainly not expecting. For me, that person was Wade. I can only hope that everyone will come to see the values that others unconsciously instill in us, and hopefully cherish them. Above all else, Wade taught me to follow my dreams and do exactly what I love. After I met Wade, I realized life is wasted when one does not do what they love. â€Å"Do what you love and you’ll never work a day in your life†.

SAT Syllabus What’s on the Exam and How to Prep

SAT Syllabus What’s on the Exam and How to Prep SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you taking the SAT soon but aren’t sure what to expect?Not to worry! This guide will give you an in-depth look at the SAT syllabus and what to expect on the exam. For each section of the SAT, I’ll explain the format of the section, thetypes of questions you’ll see, and the skills it tests.At the end of this guide, I'll also go over the top tips you need to know when preparing for the SAT to help you achieve your highest score. Overview of the SAT Before we start looking in-depth at the SAT syllabus, let’s first get a broad overview of what the SAT covers.There are three main sections on the SAT: Reading, Writing and Language, and Math. There is also an optional essay. More information about each section is available in the chart below. Section Minutes Given Number of Questions Reading 65 52 Writing and Language 35 44 Math 80 58 Essay (Optional) 50 1 Total 3 hours, 50 minutes (3 hours without the essay) 154 (+1 essay prompt) The SAT sections will always go in this order, beginning with Reading and ending with (if you choose to take it), the SAT Essay.The Math section is divided into two groups, the first where you can’t use a calculator (25 minutes and 20 questions), and the second, where a calculator is allowed (55 minutes and 38 questions). Below, for each section of the SAT, I’ll explain what subjects it covers. SAT Reading Number of Questions Minutes Given Time Per Question 65 52 75 seconds Format The SAT Reading section consists of passages with 52 multiple-choice questions. In this section, there will be four individual passages and one passage pair, which means there will be about 10-12 questions for each passage/passage pair.At least one of the passages will have graphics, such as tables, graphs, and charts accompanying it.Each passage, or passage pair set, will be at about 500 to 750 words. There will be at least one passage from each of the following topics: U.S. or world literature U.S. founding document or a text inspired by one Social science (such as economics, psychology, sociology, etc.) Science (Earth science, biology, chemistry, or physics) Types of Questions All questions on SAT Reading are multiple choice with four answer choices. There areeight main different questions types you may see in this section. Big Picture/Main Idea These questions ask about the overall purpose of the passage, such as what is the passage about, what is it trying to accomplish, or what the point of it is. The main purpose of each passage is to A) compare brain function in those who play games on the Internet and those who browse on it. B) report on the problem-solving skills of individuals with varying levels of Internet experience. C) take a position on increasing financial support for studies related to technology and intelligence. D) make an argument about the effects of electronic media use on the brain. Little Picture/Detail This type of question will usually refer to a specific line or phrase within a passage and ask you about a specific detail, such as what a particular phrase means or why the author chose to mention something. In the context of the passage, the author’s use of the phrase â€Å"her light step flying to keep time with his long stride† (line 3) is primarily meant to convey the idea that A)Ethan and Mattie share a powerful enthusiasm.B) Mattie strives to match the speed at which Ethan works.C)Mattie and Ethan playfully compete with each other.D)Ethan walks at a pace that frustrates Mattie. Inference Inference questions will ask you to deduce the meaning of a line or phrase from the passage or the entire passage itself. Even though you’ll have to do some interpretation on these questions, they all have to have one objectively correct answer with evidence in the passage you can use to support your choice. The passage most strongly suggests that Adelita used which of the following to navigate her 9,000-mile journey? A)The current of the North Atlantic gyre.B) Cues from electromagnetic coils designed by Putman and Lohmann.C) The inclination and intensity of Earth's magnetic field.D)A simulated "magnetic signature" configured by Lohmann. Vocabulary in Context For these questions, you’ll be asked to define a specific word in the question. Be careful, because sometimes common words are used in unusual ways and you have to correctly identify the definition used in the passage. As used in line 38, â€Å"intense† most nearly means A) emotional.B)concentrated.C) brilliant.D) determined. Function Function questions refer to how a phrase or sentence works within a passage and what effect it has on the passage. The analogy in the final sentence of Passage 2 has primarily which effect? A) It uses ornate language to illustrate a difficult concept. B) It employs humor to soften a severe opinion of human behavior. C) It alludes to the past to evoke a nostalgic response. D) It criticizes the view of a particular group. Author Technique The questions will ask you to analyze the author’s tone, style, perspective and/or attitude. For paired passages, you may have to compare author techniques between the two passages. During the course of the first paragraph, the narrator’s focus shifts from A) recollection of past confidence to acknowledgment of present self-doubt. B) reflection on his expectations of life as a tradesman to his desire for another job. C) generalization about job dissatisfaction to the specifics of his own situation. D) evaluation of factors making him unhappy to identification of alternatives. Evidence Support Evidence support questions refer back to a previous question and ask you to provide evidence for your answer. For example, if you were asked an author technique question, after it there may be an evidence support question asking you to identify which lines in the passage support your answer to the author technique question. 1. The description in the first paragraph indicates that what Ethan values most about Mattie is her A)fitness for farm labor.B)vivacious youth.C) receptive nature. D) freedom from worry. 2. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 1-4(â€Å"Mattie... farm†) B) Lines 4-8 (â€Å"He had... anyhow†) C) Lines 8-10 (â€Å"But it... hearth†) D) Lines 11-13 (â€Å"She had... will†) Data Interpretation These questions refer to the diagrams, charts or graphs included with some of the passages. You’ll have to analyze the information the graphics present. 1. How does the graph support the author’s point that internal waves affect ocean water dynamics? A) It demonstrates that wave movement forces warmer water down to depths that typically are colder. B) It reveals the degree to which an internal wave affects the density of deep layers of cold water. C) It illustrates the change in surface temperature that takes place during an isolated series of deep waves. D) It shows that multiple waves rising near the surface of the ocean disrupt the flow of normal tides. Skills Tested There are three main skills tested in SAT Reading, all of which relate back to critical reading skills. Command of Evidence Being able to find evidence in a passage to support the answer to a question, understand how authors support their claims, and interpret diagrams. Words in Context Using clues from the passage to identify the meaning of a particular word and understanding how the word’s the author chooses affects tone, style, and meaning. Analysis in History/Social Science and Science Being able to examine hypotheses, interpret data, consider implications in passages that cover the subjects of history, social studies, and science. SAT Writing and Language Number of Questions Minutes Given Time Per Question 44 35 48 seconds Format Like the Reading section, all questions in the SAT Writing and Language are based on passages. This section contains four passages with 11 questions following each passage. Passages will cover either Careers, Social Studies, Humanities, or Science. Careers passages could discuss trends or debates in major professional fields, such as medicine, technology, or business. Social studies passages might focus on topics from history, anthropology, psychology, political science, or sociology. Humanities passages could feature an author or explore trends in literature, drama, art, music, or dance. Science passages will focus on Earth science, biology, chemistry, or physics. There is no fiction writingin this section, instead, passages will either be argument-based, explanatory, or nonfiction narrative, and at least one passage will be accompanied by a chart, graph, or table.For SAT Writing and Language, each of the passages will be filled with punctuation, word choice, sentence structure, and organization errors. Your job will be to identify and correct those errors in the questions. Types of Questions Like SAT Reading, all questions on SAT Writing and Language are multiple choice with four answer choices. Questions in this section will ask you about four main ideas.About 24 questions will focus on Command of Evidence, Words in Context, and Expression of Ideas, and about 20 questions will be on Standard English Conventions. Command of Evidence You’ll be asked to improve how the passages develop and present ideas and information to the reader. For example, when reading a passage you should understand how an argument could be strengthened or a detail added to improve clarity. Words in Context For some questions, you’ll need to improve the word choice used in the passage in order to improve tone, style, and/or clarity. Expression of Ideas You’ll need to be able to understand how a passage is structured and the point it is trying to make. Questions testing this skill may ask you to analyze how the passage’s message or organization could be improved. Standard English Conventions These questions test your grammar skills, such as sentence structure, usage, punctuation, verb tense, parallel construction, subject-verb agreement, and comma use. Skills Tested Sixteenmain skills are tested on this section, focusing on focusing on the development and organization of ideas and effective language use as well as grammar rules. Agreement Concision Conventional expression Logical sequence Modifiers Parallel Structure Possessives Precision Pronouns Punctuation Sentence function Sentence structure Style and tone Syntax Transition Verb Tense SAT MATH Number of Questions Minutes Given Time Per Question No Calculator 25 20 75 seconds Calculator 55 38 77 seconds Format SAT Math is divided into two sections, depending on whether or not a calculator is allowed. During the first section, when you cannot use a calculator, you’ll have 25 minutes to answer 15 multiple-choice questions and 5 grid-in questions. For the second section, when you can use a calculator, you’ll have 55 minutes to answer 30 multiple-choice questions and 8 grid-ins, including an Extended Thinking problem. Types of Questions Multiple Choice The majority of questions on SAT Math will be your standard multiple-choice questions where you’re presented with a problem and have to choose the best answer from four answer choices. Aaron is staying at a hotel that charges $99.95 per night plus tax for a room. A tax of 8% is applied to the room rate, and an additional onetime untaxed fee of $5.00 is charged by the hotel. Which of the following represents Aaron’s total charge, in dollars, for staying x nights? A)(99.5 + 0.08x) + 5B)1.08(99.5x) + 5C) 1.08(99.5x + 5)D)1.08(99.5 + 5)x Grid In On SAT Math, 22% of questions will be grid-ins. On these questions, instead of choosing the correct answer from a list of options, you’ll have to solve the problem and enter your own answer on the grid provided in the answer sheet. Ifwhat is one possible value of Extended Thinking A few of your questions will be part of an Extended Thinking problem. The Extended Thinking problem will appear as part of the grid-ins, typically near the end of the section. You’ll see a graph, table, or word problem and have to answer several questions about it. Extended Thinking questions often focus on real-world situations. An international bank issues its Traveler credit cards worldwide. When a customer makes a purchase using a Traveler card in a currency different from the customer’s home currency, the bank converts the purchase price at the daily foreign exchange rate and then charges a 4% fee on the converted cost. Sara lives in the United States, but is on vacation in India. She used her Traveler card for a purchase that cost 602 rupees (Indian currency). The bank posted a charge of $9.88 to her account that included the 4% fee. 1. What foreign exchange rate, in Indian rupees per one U.S. dollar, did thebank use for Sara’s charge? Round your answer to the nearest whole number. 2.A bank in India sells a prepaid credit card worth 7,500 rupees. Sara canbuy the prepaid card using dollars at the daily exchange rate with no fee,but she will lose any money left unspent on the prepaid card. What is theleast number of the 7,500 rupees on the prepaid card Sara must spendfor the prepaid card to be cheaper than charging all her purchases onthe Traveler card? Round your answer to the nearest whole number ofrupees. Skills Tested SAT Math covers 24 main topics, within four main subject areas. Over half of the questions will be on algebra, while a maximum of 10% of the questions will focus on Additional Topics such as geometry and trigonometry. Basic Algebra Linear functions Single variable equations Systems of linear equations Absolute value Advanced Algebra Manipulating polynomials Quadratic equations Dividing polynomials Exponential functions Function notation Solving exponential equations Systems of equations with nonlinear equations Problem Solving and Data Analysis Ratios and proportions Scatterplots and graphs Categorical data and probabilities Experimental interpretation Median, median, mode, standard deviation Additional Topics Coordinate geometry - lines and slopes Coordinate geometry - nonlinear functions Geometry - circles Geometry - lines and angles Geometry - solid geometry Geometry - triangles and polygons Trigonometry Complex numbers SAT Essay Number of Questions Minutes Given Time Per Question 1 essay 50 50 minutes Format The SAT Essay is the only optional section of the exam. If you decide to take it, you’ll have 50 minutes to plan and write one complete essay. Types of Questions You’ll be given a passage by an author who has taken a stance on a particular issue, and you’ll need to analyze how the author builds her argument, what the strengths and weaknesses of the argument are, and how the argument could be improved. You won’t be taking your own stance on the issue. Skills Tested The major skill you are graded on for the essay is your ability to analyze an argument and understand how evidence and rhetorical devices contribute to an argument.While you’ll want your essay to be clear and easy to understand, a few minor spelling and grammar errors won’t lose you points, so you don’t have to worry about your essay being technically perfect. How to Use ThisSAT Syllabus Now you're an expert on the SAT syllabus, but how does this information help you? First, knowing what's on the SAT will make you feel more comfortable on exam day. You'll know the format, content, and types of questions you'll be asked. This can help you feel more prepared and help reduce test anxiety. Second, understanding the SAT syllabus can significantly help withyour SAT studying. When you know what subjects are tested on the SAT, you'll know what to focus on during your preparation, and you're less likely to skip material you should know or study material that won't be on the test. Additionally, when you take practice tests and are looking to see where you got most of your answers wrong, you can easily pinpoint which area(s) you should work on. Maybe your SAT Math score was lower than you wanted it to be, but where exactly were you making mistakes? Did you get all the algebra questions correct but struggled with geometry? Then you can focus primarily on studying geometry questions. Knowing what's tested on the SAT will help you pinpoint the areas where you need to improve and increase the effectiveness of your studying. How to Prepare for the SAT Knowing the SAT syllabuswill help you become more comfortable and familiar with the exam, which will likely help your score. Follow these three additional tips to be sure you’re getting the most out of your SAT prep. Create a Study Plan Before you begin in-depth preparation for the SAT, you’ll want to create a study plan.A study schedule can help you know when you’re supposed to be studying and can keep you on track.Setting aside a regular time to study each day or week, such as weekdays from 8:00-9:30 or Sundays from 12:00-4:00, will make it easier to study because you’ll know ahead of time when you should be studying and can fit the rest of your schedule around it. You should include regular goals in your study schedule that you hope to meet, such as, â€Å"I want to understand how to answer geometry questions by the end of the weekend,† or â€Å"I want to raise my math score ten points by the end of the month.†Setting these goals can help encourage you to study and ensure you are on track to meet your goal scores. Use High-Quality Study Materials Your studying is only going to be as effective as the prep materials you use, so be sure to use the right materials for you.A high-quality prep book can be one of the best resources you use. Check out some of the best SAT prep books here. A good prep book will effectively explain the content tested on the exam, have high-quality practice questions similar to those on the real SAT, and include full-length practice exams (discussed more below). Take Complete Practice Exams During your studying, you’ll want to take at least one (and ideally at least threeto four) complete practice SATs.Taking complete practice SATs is important because it gives you the most realistic idea of what the real SAT will be like. You’ll learn how taking a test for several hours affects you and if you get tired and distracted towards the later sections. Also, after you score your exam, you’ll have a good idea of how well you’d do on the actual SAT, and you can use this information to identify which areas you should focus on for future studying. Be sure to take your SAT under realistic testing conditions. That means take the test all in one sitting, timed, and with minimal distractions.Try to use official practice tests since they’ll be the closest to the real SAT. We have links to several free and official SAT practice tests you can use. Conclusion Knowing the SAT syllabuswill help you know what to expect for the test and how to prepare.Each of the three main sections of the SAT covers multiple subject areas and contains several question types. There is also an optional essay at the end of the test. To prepare for the SAT, be sure to create a study plan early on, use high-quality study materials, and take full-length practice tests to get a good idea of the progress you’ve made. What's Next? Wondering what a good SAT score is? Learn how to set a score goal based on the schools you want to get into. Thinking about using Khan Academy for SAT prep?Khan Academy can be a great resource if you know how to use it correctly. Read our guide to learn how to make the best use of Khan Academy! Want to learn more about the new SAT? We have a complete guide to the revised SATthat goes over exactly what changed, what stayed the same, and how it affects you. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

Bradley effect Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bradley effect - Assignment Example He lost to Republican George Deukmejian.† (CNN) Some researchers believe that the Bradley effect is just an attempt to come up with an excuse for the inaccurate results of flawed opinion polling practices (Keeler, Scott and Nilanthi Samaranayake 2007). There have been several explanations given as the cause of these polling errors, but it is generally believed that some voters, due to societal pressure, are not very forthcoming in their answers during the pre-election polls. It is believed that some white voters are concerned about being labeled as racially prejudiced, and so do not fully declare their support for white candidates in the polls before the actual elections. â€Å"A recent study found that the possibility of the Bradley effect, while the last finding suggested the possibility of a "reverse" Bradley effect in which black voters might have been reluctant to declare to pollsters their support for Obama or are under polled.† (North Carolina Statewide Survey Res earch Report 2008) President Barack Obama did not really suffer this phenomenon in the presidential elections because although this issue is something to be concerned about, it clearly is not as serious an issue as it was in the 1980s. It is notable that both racial attitudes and polling techniques have undergone a lot of change since the Bradley effect was first noticed.

Existing Economic Research on Benefits and Opportunities of Public Term Paper

Existing Economic Research on Benefits and Opportunities of Public Education - Term Paper Example The paper focuses on the benefits and opportunities of public education with optimal policy suggestions for improvement. Summaries The article, Identity and Schooling: Some Lessons of the Economics of Education written by Akerlof and Kranton describes the identity generation of the students in several educational institutions. The pupils attending the privately managed schools generally tend to emerge from more socio-economically advanced backgrounds and the pupils from weak financial background opt for a public school education. In other words there lies a socio-economic stratification of the students attending publicly and privately managed schools. Identity generation is the prime motive in both types of educational institutions. For the development of identity, the economists often focus on the social interactions of the pupils in schools. The quality of the school is an important parameter in establishing the way in which the students fit themselves in a school’s social s etting. Again, the academic achievement is also a prime variable for the development of the identity of a student. ... selves to some social categories or groups with varied racial and ethnic designations which are found in the instances of the words used such as jock and nerds. Remaining within a social group, stereotypical physical attributes are developed within the individuals and the utility loss and gain are simultaneously related with low or high status respectively1. Educational achievement of the students also depends on the internalization of the school values among the students. Comer has demonstrated the disciplinary process with the case of an angry fifth grader attacking a small child with his belt. The teacher instead of punishing him helped the child to write a letter to his father who has been denied a pass from the jail for the Christmas. The teacher made the child understand that he could not take out his anger over other children in the school. The teacher taught him how to obey the rules. This internalization of moral values as entrusted upon the students by the school authoritie s should help the students in achieving success in their future life2. In the article, Competition between Private and Public Schools, Vouchers and Peer-Group Effects written by Epple and Romano, the competitive strategies adopted in the private schools and the public school are described. An overall preexisting notion is that the public schools are more or less tax free institutions. On the other hand the private schools are basically known to be institutions which are tax financed and the students studying in those schools have to pay tuition fees. Similarly there is also a pre-existing notion about the social positioning of the students studying in public school and the private schools. Various measures of reforms in the educational system have been encountered in the past decades. One

Audio and Visual Advertising Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Audio and Visual Advertising - Assignment Example 3. The two ways in which there an order of content according to fowler include an appeal to deep that involves running drivers into the minds of consumers(Altstiel, Grow and Altstiel). Further, the information regarding the good or service being sold; its name, manufacturer, picture, packaging, objective attributes, and functions,e.g the reader of a brassier advertisement sees a partially undraped but blandly unperturbed woman standing in an otherwise common place public settling and may experience certain sensation. 4. Henry Murray motivation factors are the ones that enabled Fowles to develop factors that led to many advertisement projects; Murray pinpointed out the susceptible and least quiescent factors that enable advertising. 5. The need for sex in advertising has the effect of reducing brand recall coz it’s too blurring and it tends to obliterate the product information also the need for aggress the reality of life pressure creates strong retaliatory feelings in every functioning human being and the feeling of anger and violence can be exercised in reality propagated by the advert. 6. Humour and celebrity fit into fowlers’ scheme when it comes to appealing to human minds and information packaging. Copy Writers and Copy Writing According to (Fowles) 1. Challenges of copywriting i. It highly deals with planning and coordinating with clients, legal staffers, accounting executives, researchers and art directors. ii. It involves accuracy and dealing with deadlines and tight schedule iii. It involves meeting advertising objectives.

The Term Dalit Literature English Literature Essay

The Term Dalit Literature English Literature Essay Fortunately I read the novel Untouchable by Mulk Raj Anand and the novel Thottiyude Makan by Thakazhy Sivasankara Pillai. I realize that the two works have some kind of similarities. On the basis of this idea, I read some of the novels of Mulk Raj Anand and Thakazhy Sivasankara Pillai. It leads to me an interest to study this topic. Mulk Raj Anand and Thakazhy Sivasankara Pillali are the two famous novelist displays his deep understanding of the pathos and tragedy in the life of the social under dogs in India. So these two novelists have historically import ants in Indian literature. Indian freedom struggle and Nationalist movement has got good results through the works of these writers. Mulk Raj Anand is an anglo Indian novelist. Most of the readers were read the original translated works of him. So he was familiar with all of them Thakazhy Sivasankara Pillai is known as the story writer of Kuttanad; .He wrote about women, dalit and environment. DALIT LITERATURE Dalit literature is the literature of the Dalits, by the Dalits and for the Dalits. Dalit(oppressed or broken) is not a new word. Apparently it was used in the 1930s as a Hindi and Marathi translation of depressed classes a term the British used for what are now called the scheduled castes. In 1970s the Dalit Panthers revived the term and expanded its reference to include scheduled tribes, poor peasants, women and all those being exploited politically, economically and in the name of religion. So Dalit is not caste. It is a symbol of change and revolution. The term Dalit literature can into use in 1958, when the first conference of Maharashtra Dalit Sahitya Sangha (Maharashtra Dalit Literature Society). Dalit literature is an important stream of Indian writing in English and other languages of India. It is literature about the oppressed classes and caste of India. A tradition of Dalit writing can be traced to eleventh century writer Cekkilar [Periyapuranam]. Modern Dalit writings are founded on the works and ideological insights of Ambedkar, the chief architect of the constitution of India. Dalit writing is in reparably tied to dalit liberation movements in various parts of India. This category of literature become a significant presents in the 1960s in Marathi literature and later in Hindi, Tamil and Malayalam as well as English poems, short stories, novels besides autobiographies from the major genres of Dalit expression. These writings formed a collective voice that questioned through articulation of their social reality the kind of writings that made them in visible or distorted their identity. Traditionally Dalits were considered to be beyond the pale of varna or caste system. They were originally considered as panchama or the fifth group beyond the fourfold division of Indian people. They were not allowed to let their shadow full upon a non- Dalit caste member and they were required the sweep the ground. Where they walked to remove the contamination of their foot full. Dalit were forbidden to worship in temple or draw water from the same wells as caste Hindus and they usually lived in segregated neighborhood outside the main village. In the Indian country side, the Dalit villages are usually a separate enclave a kilometer or so outside the main village where the other Hindu caste resides. Some upper caste Hindus did warm to Dalits and Hindu priests demoted to low caste- rank. An example of the latter was Dnyaneshawar, who was excommunicated into Dalit status in the 13th century but continued to compose the Dnyaneshwari, a commentary on the Bhagavad gita. Eknath another excommunicated Brahmin, fought for the right of untouchable during the Bhakti period. Historical examples of Dalit priest include chokhamela in the 14th centuary. Who was Indias first rewarded Dalit poet. The declaration by princely states of Kerala between 1936 and 1947 that temples were opened to all Hindus went a long way towards ending the system of UN touch ability in Kerala. According to Kerala tradition the Dalits were focused to maintain at distance of 96 feet from Namboothiries, 64 feet from Nairs and 48 feet from other upper caste, as they were thought to pollute them. Many similar castes collective with different caste names grouped under the umbrella terms Nair and Ezhava and consolidated their power, Dalits remained fragmented as castes and sub castes. At a large stage in Keralas history, the elite communities and casts which had earlier consolidated their position through identity politics transformed their accumulated energies into nation building politics and class politics. The elite classes to promote their own martial and cultural bi as an empowerment they saw as their birth right. Malayalam, Accepted by many scholars to have evolved from Tamil roughly in the 9th century has a history of writing that dates back to the 12th century. The aesthetics of Malayalam literature have been over determined by the literary traditions of Sanskrit. Which include sruthi (cosmic, subliminal communication) Smrithi (remembered literature, secondary texts), and epics and legends (ithihasa purana tradition). Beginning with Kunthalatha said to be the first written novel in Malayalam. Process continued without much difference in perspective. In these works, Hindu spirituality was embraced as the sole solution to the complexity of human existence, there by ignoring a dynamic and productive life- world. It was the pain of this group on which the upper- caste Hindu world of leisure was based. The literature produced by upper caste novelists was the by-product of a lethargic lifestyle, far removed from the world of sweat and toil which supported it. Culturally and epistle mologically fo cused on concepts like moksha, nirvriti and anubhooti [spiritual liberation, Fulfillment and Sensual ecstasy]. It is easy to see that dominant literary tradition of the period known as manipravalam had its Focus Solely on Sexuality and Self indulgence and was in tune with the luxurious lifestyle of the upper caste of the time, in Kerala. Any movement away from the centre that the grand is obligated to make creates a space and platform for the birth of the little. From the 1990s onwards the Malayalam literary scenario has seen celebrations of the differing and plural voices of the historically marginalized, oppressed, and unrepresented. This not only includes the Dalit discourse but other silenced groups- feminists, environmentalists and religious and sexual minorities. One of the characteristic features of emerged and emerging discourses is its tension with the national imagination. Hence, they seek alliance and constellations with the transnational micro, and the local. Any new movement has to pass through three phases: ridicule, resistance and acceptance. Dalit literature in the world has fast-forwarded to the third phrase and is beginning to provide the color and power that only people who live close to the earth can express. The earliest known historical people to have rejected the caste system were Gautama Budha and Mahavera their teaching eventually became independent religions called Bhuddism and Jainism. The earliest known reformations with in Hinduism happen during the medieval period when the Bhakti movements actively encouraged the participation and inclusion of Dalits, in the 19th century. The Bhrahma samaj, Arya samaj, and Ramakrishna mission actively participated in the emancipation of Dalits. While there always have been segregated places for dalits to worship, the first upper-caste temple to openly welcome Dalits to their fold was the Laxmi narayan temple in wardha in the year 1928. Even before Ambedkar, Ayyankali, the leader of the Sadhujana Movement, realized that the leader of the social justice was freedom. Ayyankalis politics was about the emancipation of all the oppressed people and a radical Trans formation at the whole of society. Sadhujanans formulated by Ayyankali, was the coceptualisation of the broken people (Dalits) locating them as the agents of history, as the production of material wealth. In the context of traditional Hindu society, Dalit status has often been historically associated with occupation regarded as radically impure, such as any involving leather work, butchering or removal of rubbish, animal carcasses and waste. Dalit worked as manual laborers clean in street, latrines and sewers. Encasing in these activities was considered to be considered contagious and banned from full participation in Hindu social life. For example they could not enter the temple nota school, and were required for stay outside the village. Since 19050, India has enacted and implemented many laws and social activities to protect and improve the socio economics condition of its Dalit population by 1795, of all job in India. India democratically elected K.R.Narayan, a dalit, as the nations president. Today there is no such practice like UN touch ability; it is observance is criminal offence. However educational opportunities to Dalits in Kerala remain limited. REPRESENTATION OF DALIT IN THE NOVELS OF MULK RAJ ANAND Mulk Raj Anand (December 12,1905-september 28,2004) was an Indian writer in English, notable for his depiction of the lives of the poorer castes in traditional Indian society. One of the pioneers of Indo-Anglican fiction, he, together with R.K. Narayanan, was one of the first India-based writers in English to gain an international readership. Born in Peshawar, he studied at Khals a college, Amritsar, before moving to England where he at tended university college London as an undergraduate and later Cambridge university, graduating with a Ph D in 1929. During this time he forged friendships with members of the Bloomsbury Group. He spent some time in Geneva, lecturing at the League of Nations school of intellectual cooperation. Anads literary career was launched by family tragedy, instigated by the rigidity of the caste system. His first prose essay was a response to the suicide of an aunt, who had been excommunicated by his family for sharing a meal with a Muslim. His first main novel , untouchable, published in 1935, was a chilling expose of the day- to-day life of a member of Indias untouchable caste. It is the story of a single day in the life of Bakha, a toilet-cleaner, who accidentally bumps in to a member of a higher caste. Bakha searches for a save to the tragedy of the destiny into which he was born, talking with a Christian missionary, listening to a speech about UN touch ability by Mahatma Gandhi and a subsequent conversation by two educated Indians, but by the end of the book Anad suggest that it is technology, in the form of the newly introduced flush toilet that may be his savior by eliminating the need for a caste of toilet cleaners. This simple book, which captured the puissance of the Punjabi and Hindi idiom in English, was widely acclaimed and Anad won the reputation of being Indias Charles Dickes. The introduction was written by his friend, E.M.Forster, whom he met while working on T.S.Eliots magazine criterion. In if forst working on T.S.Eliots magazine criterion. In it forester writes avoiding rhetoric and circumlocution, it has gone straight to the heart of its subject and purified it inevitable, Anand, who spent half his time in London and half in India, was drawn to the India independence movement. At the same time, he also supported freedom elsewhere around the globe and even travelled to Spain to volunteer in the Spanish civil war. He spent world war all working as a scriptwriter for the BBC in London, where he becomes a friend of George Orwell. Anand returned to India in 1946, and continued with his prodigious literary output there. His work includes poetry and essay on a wide range of subjects, as well as autobiographies and novels. Prominent among his novels are The koolie() the village(1939), Across the Black waters (1940), the sword and sickle(1942), all written in England, and The private life of an Indian prince (10953), perhaps the most important of his works Witten in India. He also founded a literary magaz ine, Mary, and taught in various universities. During the 1970s, he worked with the international progress organization (I.p.o) on the issue of cultural self- comprehension of nations. He died in pune. In touchable is in the first novel of Mulk Raj Anand. He is a progressive writer for whom the novel takes the form of crusade against the evils of the society. He has his sympathies with the depressed and the underdog. Untouchable follows a day in the life of Bakha, an 18 year old Bhagi boy. The fictional story set in the outcastes colony outside of an unnamed town during the British occupation. The story is narrated by Bakha who is a hard working boy who never disobeys his father despite his repugnance for his and his life style Baktha had worked in the barracks of a British regiment and, had been caught by the glamour of the white mans life. Bakha to imitate the tommies was through Fushun, education and he becomes disgusted with the filth of his brother. Bhangies are the lowest of the low caste and they are given the job of cleaning the latrines and sweeping the streets. The dirty nature of the Bhangis work fathers the view of them as impure. However they all unable to maintain good hygiene because they all unable to maintain good hygiene because they are not allowed to access the local well, as there use would render it impure, untouchable are not allowed to access the local well, as there use would render it impure. Untouchables are not allowed to see the inside of the temple for purity reasons. While Bakha was peering through the window he was interrupted by the priest shouting, Polluted! Polluted! . Soon a crowd had gathered and they all berated Dakha saying they would need to perform a purification ceremony row. Get off the steps you scavenger! Off with you! Have defiled our whole service! shouted the crossed. Bahka randown to the country yard where hissister was waiting. Here he got a shock as the priest claimed, I have been de filed by contact. This is an example of the hypocrisy of the other castes in their attitude towards the untouchables. The higher castes view them as impure and make them do all the menial labor, yet they all not adverse to sexual relations with them. It seems the idea of impurity is only there to when it suits the higher castes desires. Bakha searches for a salve to the tragedy of the destiny into which he was born, talking with a Christian missionary, listening to a speech about untouchability by Mahatma Gandhi and a subsequent conversation by two educated Indians, but by the end of the book Anand suggests that it is technology, in the form of the newly introduced flush toilet that may be his savoir by eliminating the need for a caste of toilet cleaners. Bakba is the able bodied son of Lakha, the jamadar of all the sweepers in the town of Bulandshahr. He is made to represent the untouchable section of the society; he is no ordinary sckenger, who is rude, uncouth and unclean. Bakha is representative of the oppressed untouchable caste. We have sympathy for his suffering as he meets with unjust treatment at the hands of the upper caste. He has strong desire to get education. He cannot seek admission in a school because untouchables are not admitted there so he pays oneamma per lesson to two upper caste boys to teach him. It is for his suffering that he is attracted to Mahatma Gandhi and Christ. The fact that sahibs and mohammedans teat his like a human being but only the upper caste Hind us have contempt for him rankles in his mind. Bakha represents a part of the social history of India. He is a victim of social superstition of untouchability. He feels strongly against in human injustice meted out to him. But the protest of the individual is ineffective against the strength of the false morality of the established society. Hence, bakha is presented as a feeble person who is unable to translate his resentment into action. Here Bakha represents as a dalit character. The dominating society saying that they are uncivilized people. So they were tiring to civilizing that people. But there is not civilizing programs on the dalit groups. I think of education or lack of knowledge about the world is the main problem related with them. But the society cant accept, to provide education for the dalit people like Bakha. They think we are mere dirt, Because we clean their dirt, It is the word of Bakba. The aspect in which Bakha is presented offer an elucidating comment on the relations between the self and society considered in terms of untouchability. The colony is a dark, damp, UN congenial place. The thatched mud houses clustered together in two rows are utterly ill- fitted for human habilitation. In looks as through the scavengers, leather workers, washer man, barker, water- carriers and grass- cutters- all these inhabitants of the colony are subhuman non- entities huddled up together. They should be content to live in the gutter like worms only to be crushed by the superior cast people. Dalit is a distinction for a group of people traditionally regarded as untouchable. Dalits are a mixed population, consisting of numerous castes from all over the world. Like the character of Bakha, only through the education Dalits can improve their life style or change their awareness about their capacity. Untouchable may be regarded as a classic since it brings into sharp focus what has proved debilitating to Indian society in general, and Hindu society in particular, encompassing several issues affecting the condition of man not only India but also elsewhere in the world. The novel explores the possibilities of interpersonal relations between untouchables and high caste hindus considered in existential terms. However, Anand does not seem to have paid enough attention to one profound aspect of the situation in untouchable, that of his having to reckon with a kind of double consciousness, that is, the sense of the untouchable looking at himself through the eyes of the eye caste Hindus-of measuring ones soul by the tape of a world that looks on in contempt and pity which is bound to give rise to disastrous division within the self. Bakhas predicament would have been all the more meaning full if the growth in his awareness which is sought to be plotted by the novel had been rendered mor e explicit through a probing of this psyche. Coolie is the story of Munoo, a hill by who by a quick of fate is made to leave his idyllic village in the Kangra valley. In search of a means of livelihood and with a naÃÆ' ¯ve dream of seeing a better world. The first contact with reality shatters the innocent aspiration of this orphan boy. His fist employer is minor bank clerk, a powerful caricature of an Indian subordinate driven by an inordinate desire for pleasing his colonial bosses inorder to become an object of their favour. Munoo falls four of an overbearing and ignorant house wife and finally flees her some in a bid to be free from her ill- treatment and taunts. He next finds himself in a primitive pickle and jam factory hidden away among the reeking lanes and dark alleys of the feudal town of daulatpur. The proprietor who has befriended his suddenly finds himself bankrupt because of his partners devious practices and is hurled bank into the rank of the laborers from whence he had sought to rise. Out on the street again ,Munoo becomes a coolies for a chance to serve as a beast of burden. An elephant-driver whom he meets accidently comes to his rescue by giving him a free ride as a stowaway in a train to Bombay. In Bombay he seeks refuge in the family of a poor vagrant and becomes a worker in a cotton mill. It is working in appalling conditions and livings in most fun sanitary environment are absolutely heartrending. He is exposed to a new world of friends and foes, of cut-throat competition and treachery, of the lewd spectacle of vice and depravity of the red light district and of the communal fires enkindled and fed by an irate factory boss to break an impending strike. Finally Munoo is knocked down by the car of an Anglo- Indian woman who takes his to Simla as her servant. Here he died of tuberculosis which was aggravated by his having to pull the rick show for his mistress. The boy is only 15 years old when he succumbs to this then-much-dreaded decease bought on by under- nourishment. There are only two kinds of people in the world: the rich and poorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and between the two there is no connection. The present chapter attempts to focus attention on those of Anads novels which have for their theme another evil of no less magnitude- the system of class. Though class- consciousness is inseparable from caste- consciousness. This canker of class system often results in the segregation and subjugation of thousands of people into perpetual misery and eventual extinction. Class has certainly proved more divisive than caste Indian society because it is able to affect every section of the society at the economic, cultural and political levels. The novel Koolie Munnu is a dalit character apart from the Bakha in untouchable. Coolie perspectives a class- ridden society based on cash nexus which proves to be a more complicated and devious world than that one governed by asterism. In this world the underdog, the coolie in this case, though apparently free, is subject to more rigidity and deprivation unlike the sweeper who is assured of this place in the society because of the indispensability of his work. The coolie, ruthlessly exploited and eternally indebted, has no such assuranceor certitude and likes under the perpetual threat of (osing his job.) it is no wonder therefore that Munoo in coolie drifting form place to place for himself in society. What is brought out is a disturbing picture of a harassed underdog, a helpless victim of oppressive forces and a sport of a quixotic destin. He symbolizes the disinherited and the dispossessed of the earth whose tragic life indicates mans inhumanity to man. Coolie is veritable saga of unending pain, suffering and prolonged struggle punctuated only occasionally by brief moments of relief and hope. It presents the various experiences of Munoo at the hand of different Coolie is a veritable saga of unending pain, suffering and prolonged struggle punctuated only occasionally by brief moments of relief and hope. It presents the various experiences of Munoo at the hand of different exploiters in four different places. Thus it is only the exploiters that change: the exploited remains the same. It is same in the case of dalit people the exploiters that change they are the elect class and wealthy people the exploited remains the dalit. Mulk Raj Anands prominent among his novels are the village (1939), Across the Black waters. The road and the sword and the sickle are undoubtedly project a lively image of India. REPRESENTATION OF DALIT IN THE NOVELS OF THAKAZHY Thakazhy Sivasankara Pillai (17 April 1912- 10 April 1999) was a novelist and short storywriter of Malayalam language. He is popularly known as Thakazhy, after his place of birth. He was born in the village of Thakazh, in Kuttand, Alapuzha district of Kerala; he started to write stories when he was a schoolboy. His literary taste was nurtured by his high school headmaster Kainkkara Kumara Pillai (1900-1988).who exposed him to Indian literature. He met Kesari A Balakrishna Pillai (1889-1960) while pursuing his law studies in Tiruvananthapuram. He introduced Thakazhi to modern European literature and thought. His novels and short stories basically discussed various aspects of societies in Kerala in the Mid-20th century. He focused on the oppressed classes as the subject of his works, which are known for their attention to historic details. He has written several novels and over 600 short stories. His novel Tottiyude Makan (scavengers son, 1947) is considered a pioneer work in Malayalam realistic novel. It is about modernity challenging the rationale of the caste system, that ones profession should depend on pedigree. His political novel, Radidanagazhi (to measures, 1948) projected the evils of the feudal stem that prevailed in Kerala a ten, especially in Kuttand. The film adaptation, directed and produced by P.Subramaniam from a screenplay by Thakazhi himself, received a certificate of merit at the National Film Award in 1958. His love epic Chemmen (prawans, 1956) which was a departure from his earlier line of realism, met with immense popularity. It told a tragic love story set in the back drop of a fishing village in Alappuzha. The novel, and its film adaptation, also titled Chemmen (1965) earned him national and international fame. He was awarded Indias highest literary award, the Jnapith in 1984. He died in 10th April 1999. Chemmen is a Malayalam novel written by Thakazhi in 1956. Chemmeen tells the story of the relationship between between Karuthamma, the daughter of a Hindu fisherman, and Pareekutti, the son of a muslim wholesaler. The theme of the novel is a myth among the fisher man communities along the coastal Kerala state in the southern India. The myth is about chastity. If the married fisher women infidel when her husband was in the sea, the sea Goddess (Kadalamama) would consume him. Thakazhi made a departure from his a vowed commitment to realism as it appeared in his worie till then brought in a fish breeze of lyricism and romanticism. The novel acquires the quality of fable in which life in the fisher mans community is depicted with great emotional details. Chemmeen won the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award Indias second highest literary prize in 1957. Chembankunjus only aim in life is to own a boat and a net. He finally succeeds in buying both with the help of Pareekutty a young muslim trader, on condition that fish hauled by the boat will be sold to him. Chembankunjus pretty daughter Karuthamma and Pareekutty love each other. Karuthamms, mother Chaki Knows about it and reminds her daughter about the life they lead within the boundaries of strict tradition. Karuthamma sacrifies her love for Pareekutty and marries Pallani, an orphan discovered by Chembankunju in the course of one of his fishing expeditions. Following the marriage, Karuthamma accompanies her husband to his village, despite her mothers sudden illness and her fathers request to stay in his fury, Chembankunju dishonest her. On acquiring a boat and a net and subsequently adding one more, Chembankunju becomes more greedy and heartless with his honesty he drives Pareekutty to bankruptcy. After the death of his wife, Chemban kunju marries Pappikkunju, the widow of the man from whom he had brought his first boat Panchami, Chembankunjus younger daughter, and leaves home to join Karuthamma has endeavored to be a good wife and moter. But scandal about her old love for Pareekutty spreads in the village. Pallaniz fiends ostracize him and refuse to take him fishing with them. By a shake of fate, Karuthamma and Pareekutty meet, one night and their old love is awakened. Palani at sea alone and baiting a shark, is caught in a huge whirlpool and is swallowed by the sea. Next morning Karuthamma and Pareekutty are also found dead hand in hand, washed ashore at a distance there lies a baited dead shark. In the novel chemmeen is the representations of Dalit literature mostly focus on Dalits such as blacks, lesbians, gays and other backward classes. Here Tahkazhi represents the Dalit people who are living in the coastal areas espeually they are known as muccuas. Mucuvas are the persons those who are living depended on seas. Sea was their Goddess. The sea gets an important role because their life is depending upon seas. As a mucuvas Karuthanna is entirely different from the other cast ladies. When analyzing the Dalit communities problems they are the vicitims of the social order. The novel chemmeen is the representation of the Dalit ladys problem. She did not get proper education and the right for anything our society considering caste as a major part to measure the value of human being. Here Karuthamma the Dalit lady physically appearing beautifully. Beauty is the one and only quality of her, lack of familiarity in the main stream of the Society badly affected her life as whole. The matters of education dont want to think the person those who are in the Dalit family. The Dalit people always working for their lively hood and earning money. They are not much aware about other developments happening in the society. Education influence the personality of ones irrespective the caste and gender. Illiterate life is the life in the dark. A human being at least should be aware about the world, how it is going on. But here the lady Karuthmma only knew her surroundings of the house . In this novel we cannot see the people from towns. The fisher mens only enjoyment is occurring when they get more fish. Their life is bound only in the sea shore. They are not much aware about they are not much aware about the other technologies and developments in the world. For example Karuthammas fathers main wish is none other that he wants to buy a boat and net of his own. That is what the major ultimate wish of that man. It shows that fishermans imitation of Dreams. For that he was ready cheat another man also. Details are often exploited by other upper class society. But here Karuthamma being exploited by her parents. If she has certain right undoubtedly she will use it. But in the case of her marriage, she did not get a life that she was intended. Unfortunately she was forced to forget the lover Pareekutty. At the same time we have to think about Pareekutty also. He has no the power and encourage to fight and make Karuthamma his own. Even in the patriarchy society Pareekutty is moving backward in the society. So definitely we can say that Dalit people are marginalising again and again. Randidangazhi is another Malayalam novel by Thakazhy Sivasankara Pillai in 1948. The novel tells the story of the cruelty meted out by feudal landlords to improvised farm laborers. It is widely regarded as one of the best political novels in the history of Malayalam literature. In 1958 a film adaptation with the same name was released. Chirutha (Miss Kumari) is the beautiful daughter of a peasant Ittitharakali. Her avaricious father wants to marry her off to the first person who can provide the penpanam or a sort of dowry system that prevailed in the community Koran and Chathan; two peasants are in love with Chiruthai. Chiruthai has a soft corner for Koran who decides to sell himself to the local land lord for a loan. Using this loan money Koran pays the penpanam and wins Chiruthas hand in marriage. A disput arises during the marriage. A landlord demand Thampran panam, a tax levied by the land lords at the time of marriage from their tenants, especially lower caste tenants. Chathan stands by Koran here. Koran and Chirutha move to the neighboring village work in the paddy fields and lead a happy life. Ouseph, the landlord here, is a cruel big of who exploits his laborers terribly Koran protests against this. He organizes the laborers and forms a union to protect their rights. For this he has to pay a huge penalty. Koran is wiped by the land lord. He turns a revolutionary, organizes protests against the land lord that also includes a strike in the fields. Koran also brings to light the shady deals of the land lord. These incidents make Koran a sort of rebel. The land lord hatches a conspiracy against Koran and the peasant leader falls into the trap. He is implicated of charges of theft. Fearing police arrest Koran flees the place. Chacko, the land lords son attempts to molest Chirutha but is foiled by timely arrival of Koran: in the ensuring struggle he strangles Chacko to death. Before Koran is arrested and sentenced to ten years rigorous imprisonment, he had a pregnant Chirutha to C hathan, his intimate friend, and who always nursed a silent love for her.

Prohibition Led To The Rapid Growth Of Organized Crime Essay -- Americ

Prohibition was a period of time in which the sale, manufacture, or transport of alcoholic beverages became illegal. It started January 16, 1919 and continued to December 5, 1933. Although it was designed to put an end to all drinking, it simply created a large number of bootleggers who produced and sold illegal alcohol. Many of these bootleggers became very rich and influential through selling alcohol and also through other methods. They pioneered the practices of organized crime that are still used today. Thus, Prohibition led to the rapid growth of organized crime. The introduction of prohibition in 1919 created numerous opinions and issues in American society. Prohibition had been a long standing issue in America, with temperance organizations promoting it since the late eighteenth century. The movement grew tremendously during the nineteenth century. The Independent Order of Good Templars, one of the major temperance societies, increased it's membership by 350,000 between 1859 and 1869 (Behr 31). Other societies followed a similar trend, and millions of Americans belonged to temperance societies by the end of the nineteenth century. When the United States entered World War I in 1914, there was a shortage of grain due to the large demands to feed the soldiers. Since grain is one of the major components in alcohol, the temperance movement now had the war to fuel their fight. "The need to conserve grain, the importance of maintaining some semblance of discipline and devotion .... to demonstrate the nation's sober determination to protect its interests." (Repeal .. 1933) Thus, the war played a large part in the introduction of Prohibition. During the next five years many states enacted their own prohibition laws, and final... ...d crime, failed to be eliminated by the repeal. Although bootlegging became a thing of the past, other methods such as extortion, money laundering, and racketeering continued and became more prominent. "The bootleg wars ended with the relegalization of liquor, but the mobs did not fade away ... In one form or another, these mobs are still with us today." (Gingold 39) Prohibition led to organized crime as we know it today. Men like Al Capone got their start during Prohibition and were able to develop a system whose methods led into the Mafia and other forms of modern day crime. "Prohibition produced the like of Al Capone and organized crime, speak-easies, bootleggers, bathtub gin, and a national wildness called the "roaring twenties." (McGuire 1) Prohibition turned the small gangs that existed in the early twentieth century into the powerful Mafia that exists today.